Solar Microinverters
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What is a solar microinverter and when is it advisable?
A microinverter is a small AC inverter that is installed on the roof, associated with one or several panels (usually 1, 2, or 4). It converts the energy in each module, so shadows, dirt, or mismatches affect only that panel and not the rest of the generator. This improves performance on roofs with partial shading, different orientations/inclinations, or when a modular expansion in stages is desired.
Advantages of microinverters
- Panel-level optimization: less impact from shading and tolerances between modules.
- Granular monitoring: view production per module in app/portal.
- Safety: AC cabling on the roof and lower distributed DC voltage.
- Scalability: easily add panels without redesigning strings.
- Reliability: localized failures do not stop the entire installation.
When to choose microinverters over a string inverter?
- Roofs with partial shading (chimneys, dormers, trees).
- Multiple orientations/inclinations with few panels per slope.
- Need for panel-level monitoring and future module-by-module expansions.
- Small installations where the cost difference is offset by optimization.
Key selection aspects
- Panel/micro ratio: 1:1, 2:1, or 4:1 depending on panel power and model.
- Compatibility: DC voltage/current range of the micro with the PV module (Voc/Isc).
- AC power per micro and limitations per panel (clipping).
- Communications and gateway: monitoring, connection to portal/app.
- Installation: rail mounting, cable management, and IP rating suitable for outdoor use.
Typical layout and components
| Location | On the roof, under the panel, fixed to the structure |
| DC input | 1–4 MC4 connectors depending on panel/micro ratio |
| AC output | Daisy-chained cabling (trunk) at 230/400 V depending on connection |
| Monitoring | Gateway/Envoy (depending on manufacturer) with LAN/Wi-Fi |
| Protections | Isolation and AC protections; SPD according to regulations |
Design best practices
- Check Voc/Isc of the panel against the micro's limits (including minimum temperatures).
- Plan the AC trunk, junction boxes, and protections in the panelboard.
- Ensure ventilation under the panel and fixings according to the manufacturer's manual.
- Configure the gateway and check production count per module.
If your roof has shading or you want panel-level monitoring and expansion, microinverters are the most flexible option. For uniform roofs and higher power, consider single-phase grid-tied inverters or three-phase inverters. Complete the installation with suitable accessories and panels.
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