When to choose a 12V inverter?

A 12V inverter is the usual option in compact systems powered by 12 V batteries (AGM, GEL, or lithium). It converts DC energy into 230 V AC to use common appliances and equipment in caravans, boats, cabins, or small off-grid homes. Its main advantage is simplicity and the availability of compatible accessories and chargers.

Advantages of 12V

• Simplicity: quick integration with existing 12 V battery banks (automotive, marine, camper).
• Wide range: variety of power ratings and formats, from hundreds of W to several kW.
• Contained cost: equipment and protections generally more economical than at higher voltages.

Limitations and when to move up to 24/48V

• Higher currents: for the same power, more current flows at 12 V → thicker cables and greater losses.
• For sustained demands of >1.5–2 kW or long DC cable runs, it is usually advisable to switch to 24V or 48V.

Typical applications

• Caravans and campers: refrigerators, lighting, water pumps, chargers, and small appliances.
• Marine: onboard electronics, light cooking, and services on boats with a 12 V network.
• Cabins and tiny houses: basic consumption in off-grid self-consumption.
• Backup systems for essential loads.

Key selection criteria

• Nominal and peak power: size according to simultaneous consumption and start-up peaks (motors, compressors).
• Pure sine wave: essential for sensitive electronics and motors.
• High efficiency at partial load and low standby consumption to save battery.
• Integrated functions:
  • Do you need charging from generator/grid? → inverter with 12V charger.
  • Will you connect panels directly? → inverter with charger + MPPT or with MPPT.
• Protections and communications (low voltage alarm, temperature, RS485, Bluetooth, etc.).
• IP rating and cooling suitable for the environment (caravan interior, technical room, engine room).

General specifications

Installation best practices

• Install a DC fuse close to the battery and an accessible disconnect switch.
• Use cables of adequate cross-section to limit voltage drop (<3% in the battery–inverter section).
• Ensure ventilation of the equipment and avoid proximity to heat or moisture sources.
• Correctly configure the protection thresholds and battery type.

If your project is compact and prioritizes simplicity, a 12V inverter is an efficient solution. For higher sustained power or long DC runs, consider moving up to 24V or 48V, or integrate extra functions with a 12V charger and integrated MPPT.