What is an AC submersible pump and what is it used for?
An AC submersible pump operates immersed and is powered by 230 V single-phase or three-phase 230/400 V (grid or generator). It converts electrical energy into hydraulic energy to lift water from a well/borehole to a tank, irrigation system, or distribution network. It is the recommended option when you prioritize simplicity, continuity, and compatibility with standard control panels (thermal protection, contactor, pressure switch/press-control). Our AC range is being incorporated gradually.
Advantages and limitations
- Electrical simplicity: direct connection to 230 V single-phase or three-phase 230/400 V with standard protections (MCB/RCBO, thermal relay).
- Continuous service: suitable for long operating periods with correct cable sizing and heat dissipation.
- Industrial compatibility: easy integration with frequency inverter (VFD) for flow/pressure control and reduction of start-up peaks.
- Limitations: requires a stable grid/inverter. If you are looking for energy autonomy, check solar or hybrid options.
Common applications
- Domestic supply with intermediate tank + pressure pump to the consumption point.
- Agricultural irrigation (drip/sprinkler) with timer or VFD to adjust flow rate.
- Livestock and transfer to tanks/drinkers with grid or generator.
How to choose your AC pump
- Operating point: flow rate (m³/h) and TDH (m). TDH = static head + losses (pipes, elbows, valves, filters). Select by actual flow–head curve.
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Power supply:
- Single-phase 230 V: limited power, residential installations.
- Three-phase 230/400 V: better starting, thinner cables for the same power, and natural compatibility with inverter.
- Hydraulics: centrifugal for higher flow at low-medium heads; helical (screw) for high columns with moderate flow.
- Well diameter: 3" or 4". Check sleeve, centralizers, and cable passage.
- Protections and control: level/well probe, dry-run stop, check valve, and level switches in the tank. Consider VFD/soft-starter to reduce start-up peak.
Indicative specifications
| Power supply | Single-phase 230 V | Three-phase 230/400 V (50/60 Hz) |
| Flow range | ~1–26 m³/h for centrifugal; ~0.5–6 m³/h for helical (depending on series) |
| Manometric head | ~10–200 m (typical centrifugal); higher heads with helical |
| Control | Direct start / VFD / Soft-starter depending on power |
| Pump diameter | 3" and 4" (check sleeve) |
| Recommended protections | Dry-run (probes), check valve, surge protection, RCBO/thermal relay |
| Typical installation | Well/borehole → tank → pressure pump → internal network |
Installation best practices
- Size the cable section for total length and service current; minimize voltage drop.
- Install level probes (well and tank) and activate dry-run stop in the panel.
- Install a check valve on the discharge and check for leaks before closing the well.
- If using a frequency inverter, set ramps and frequency limits according to the pump curve and motor ventilation.
- Maintenance plan: check insulation, tighten terminals, clean filters/strainers, and check the check valve.
Comparisons and related accessories
If you want to reduce operating costs and grid dependence, consider solar submersibles. For mixed backup with grid, check hybrid submersibles. To move water from the tank to consumption, use a pressure pump. Complete with accessories (protection panels, VFD, probes, valves, and filters) and consult spare parts. Return to Submersible Pumps or Water Pumps.
